Absence Or The Weakened Sounds Reflect The Reduced

Absence or the weakened sounds reflect the reduced Air stream to a listened zone of a lung. There are some types Pathological sounds : (crackles) and rattles (rhonchi). Rattles can be heard sometimes and without a stethoscope. Other pathological Sounds sometimes happen also loud enough and come to light often without Stethoscope. Rattles divide and on duration: long = 80, Short = 20, and to last nearby 10. (crackles = or a crunch). As believe, occur, when air opens the closed alveoluses. it is listened with some ottenkami: - damp, dry, Weak and rough. Rattles (rhonchi = sounds which a timbre are similar on Snore). They arise, when movement of air streams through the big Air lines (a drink, a trachea, large bronchial tubes) it is complicated or Has a barrier. Rattles - high, the sounds made narrowed By air lines also are more often listened in the end of a breath or in the end Exhalation. The general reasons of occurrence of rattles: the Barrier to an air stream; the Emphysema emphysema; an asthma; a hypostasis of lungs; Bronchiectasis; chronic bronchitis Chronic bronchitis; acute bronchitis Acute bronchitis; illnesses of a lung; a pneumonia; and other Lungs Breath sounds Usually in the beginning zones with the silent are listened Breath.

Distinctive Signs Of Diarrheas: Osmotic Sekretornye 1. Effect

Distinctive signs of diarrheas: Osmotic Sekretornye 1. Effect of starvation End of a diarrhoeia diarrhoeia Prolongation 2. excrements Low Norm 3. excrements 330 Moscow m 290 Moscow m 4. "Osmotic distinctions" 210 10 Many patients by mistake identify The increased frequency of a chair or the reduced intervals between As a diarrhoeia so the clinical physician should be convinced that the patient Really understands the term a diarrhoeia as a liquid chair. Traditionally the diarrhoeia is defined as increase in Daily weight of a chair> 250 gr/days. However such definition not It is always fair, because the estimation of weight of a chair is not practical at Primary and secondary infringements, though clinically this useful Definition. The diarrhoeia can be considered and as frequency increase Chair allocation (for example, 3 or more times a day) and-or on To presence of a considerable quantity of a liquid at a chair. The truth some Patients (for example, with IBS) sometimes define diarrhoeia presence In another way.

One Of Variants Of A Breadboard Model Of

One of variants of a breadboard model of the scheme researches of patients in the USA. * The general rules of gathering of the anamnesis and dialogue with the patient * survey and a condition estimation * Samples of records of results of research of patients. 3. New tendencies in diagnostics of illnesses of bronho-pulmonary system * according to a condition of bronho-pulmonary system (English) * recommendations at inspection of patients with a bronho-pulmonary pathology. * modern questionnaires on revealing of syndromes and diseases of respiratory organs. * sharp respiratory insufficiency. * and the reasons of infringements of frequency and depth of breath. * The differential diagnosis of a chronic short wind. *, noisy breath and a hypoventilation syndrome. * cough, algorithms of its diagnostics and complication. * pains at breath. * a syndrome. * syndrome revealings changes in lungs. * and diagnostics of sharp and chronic respiratory insufficiency. * schemes of an estimation and criteria of legochno-warm insufficiency.

The Bacteria Occupying A Skin, Decompose A Liquid

The bacteria occupying a skin, decompose a liquid and Allocate a decay smell. At patients with a syndrome it is frequent Arise skin reddenings () and from this centre Distinctly the decay smell proceeds. Not seldom in practice there is also a syndrome when bacteria settle in axillary and other folds Skin, thus the patient has the extremely unpleasant smell of sweat. But as the most frequent and serious syndrome consider - illusion of sensation of a bad smell. The reason in such cases Diseases is at activity level and the centres Sense of smell of a brain of the patient. Totally some data on the diagnostic importance of smells of the person I result in the following table: Character of a smell (aroma) of exhaled air The possible reason 1 Rybno-ammoniac, Nephritic insufficiency? 2 rybno - The sweetish Hepatic insufficiency? 3 Has grown mouldy-ammoniac Illnesses of a liver (hepatic stench)? 4 Fruktovo-atsetonovyj Diabetic ? 5 The apple Chloroform or ? 6 The grape Infection of sort Pseudomonas? 7 fruktovo - The barmy Food intake, alcohol (beer)? 8 Smell of newly-baked bread Typhus fever? 9 Smell stale or bread Syndrome (serious deficiency)? 10 Smell of fresh meat Yellow fever? 11 Smell of stale beer Infection Mycobacteria (scrofula)? 12 Cleaning or dust Roto-ezofago-Bronhoektkatichesky infection, ? 13 The putrefactive Anaerobnaja infection? 14 Very putrefactive Lung abscess? 15 Musty, not a fresh smoke Smoking of a cigarette, cigarette 16 Zhzhenoj cord Marihuana smoking? 17 Shoe polish Reception ? 18 Bitter almonds Reception 19 Garlic Arsenic reception, preparations or ? 20 The metal Reception of preparations with ? 21 Solvents Poisoning with hydrocarbonates 22 Violets Turpentine reception inside At survey of patients not seldom reveal signs .

At Research Of Joints Turn Attention To Any

At research of joints turn Attention to any atrophy of muscles. (foto 8a2). Survey of separate joints. Joints of the top finitenesses the Shoulder: Survey - Anatomic features - a head of a humeral bone, a biceps, a shoot, a zone, grudinno-kljuchichnoe Connection, shovel, muscles round a joint, c and sinews (supra and infraspinatus). Palpation: Check up sensitivity and a surface Sinews of bicepses, subdeltoid bursa and a bag akromio - Joint. The volume of movements of a humeral joint needs to be checked at The fixed hand to a shovel as mobility of a shovel adds to To own volume of movements of a humeral joint of 60 %. Estimate Intensity at passive movement in a joint. Presence or Absence of a liquid in an articulate bag, a condition and density of the articulate Bags, myshechno-suhozhilnye transitions and bags. To estimate Thickness membranes. Active volume of movements in the humeral Joint (foto US3) at healthy faces makes 120 degrees in assignment and 70 degrees in a ghost, 180 degrees bending; 60o ; 90 degrees external rotation and 90 internal rotation.

4.4 Diarrheas. Algorithm Of Diagnostics Of The Reasons

4.4 Diarrheas. Algorithm of diagnostics of the reasons of a diarrhoeia. 4.5 Locks, classifications and variants of diagnostics of the nature of locks. 4.6 Syndrome and algorithm of specification of its nature. 4.7 Syndrome and the reasons . 4.8 Bleedings from a gastroenteric path. Indicators of necessity of urgent intervention. The present edition is prepared for the publication (in electronic format PDF) in 2008 year, is accompanied by a considerable quantity of colour illustrations and clips on CD. The order through Khramov1@rambler.ru Introduction Necessity of perfection of the diagnostic (And medical) algorithms in the urgent help and at use Computers in medical practice to become more and more essential Problem. An example of work of the developed automated system Public health services Denmark has shown. Still in 1994 in this country has been constructed Medical system Health Net, and since 2004 this network has found The portal embodiment (have established terminals in the majority Country medical institutions).

The Most Difficult In The Diagnostic Plan As

The most difficult in the diagnostic plan As fevers now are considered: a fever at , Fever at temporal and a fever at Hepatitis. The most frequent reasons : 1) infections (27 %); 2) New growths (12,6 %); 3) not infectious inflammatory diseases (24 %); 4) a medicinal fever (1,8 %); 5) other reasons (4,8 %). At It without the diagnosis meets more than 30 % of patients. Duration: 1-5 days - should be excluded: sharp infections , an acute pneumonia, a pyelonephritis, rare infections and syndromes. More than 2 weeks - it is necessary to search: new growths, , , , . Possible classification of fevers of the unknown nature Group of fevers The general signs Possible aetiology The traditional (Classical) Temperature> 38.3®C (100.9®F) Duration> 3 weeks Confirmed three times objectively (3 days in hospital) Infections, oncology; illnesses of a connecting fabric. (Hospital) Temperature> 38.3®C hospitalisation> =24 hours Confirmed with the last 3-mja in the days. Clost. difficile , a medicinal fever; a pulmonary artery, a septic thrombophlebitis; a sinusitis.

The Term "Bakteriemija" - Short-term Occurrence Of Bacteria

The term "Bakteriemija" - short-term occurrence of bacteria in blood at infections and traumas ( a pneumonia, a belly typhus, etc.). The term "Sepsis" - long Stay of bacteria (or mushrooms) in blood with their reproduction, Distribution and fixing to bodies and fabrics. (foto eximoses) a sepsis Can be primary (=) when precisely it is not possible to define entrance gate of an infection, and secondary when entrance gate of an infection are designated by the purulent centre. For example: respiratory organs (more often Streptococcus pneumoniae), a path (Escherichia coli), a skin (Staphylococcus aureus), a bilious bubble (Streptococcus faecalis). 2.14.2 Fevers connected with application of medicines At nearby 10 % of inpatients increase Body temperatures it is connected with reception of those or other medicinal Preparations. Against the diseases proceeding with a fever to allocate Participation of medicines in body temperature lifting difficult enough. The specific tests revealing a medicinal fever, in the present Time is not present.

Palms - Krasnovato - Pink Colour Skin Under

Palms - krasnovato - pink colour Skin under a thumb or on all surfaces it is frequent about possible infringements of function of a liver. Brownish Single stains on a back surface of a skin of a brush often testify Not only about age, but also about possible problems in bilious ways or Bilious bubble. Stains on hillocks of Venus sometimes testify about Problems in urinogenital system. Sensation "" and damp palms at Patients usually connect with infringements of functions systems. a little finger and anonymous fingers of the left brush often accompany Patients with an ischemic heart trouble. both thumbs Brushes of hands can testify to problems with bronho-pulmonary System. brushes of hands allows to estimate temperature of a skin and Presence of morbidity of small joints. A long condition of the cold Skin of brushes of hands can testify to the expressed vegetative Dysfunctions, infringement of peripheral blood circulation and a lack in To diet of nicotinic acid. The general principles of diagnostics of articulate syndromes: Joints happen three types: 1) (motionless - skull bones); 2) (inactive - ); 3) (mobile).

The Dense Thickening Of Two Or More Joints

The dense Thickening of two or more joints (see more low *) and 3. Less than 3 swelled up a little pjastno-phalanx joints, or 4. A firm thickening of two or more interphalanx joints, or Wrong position one or several Joints, II and 111 interphalanx joints; II and 111 interphalanx joints; zapjastno-pjastnyj a joint on both Brushes. . Symptoms: 1. A pain in a coxofemoral joint and 2. Internal rotation less than 15 degrees and less than 45 mm/ch (in the absence of in exchange bending of the coxofemoral Joint less than 115 degrees) or 3.) internal rotation less than 15 Degrees and Pain at internal rotation or morning Constraint less than 60 minutes or age more than 50 years. + Radiological symptoms. Pain in a coxofemoral joint and, at least, 2 from 3 following signs: - less than 20 mm/ch - Radiological (a head or a hollow); radiological narrowing of an articulate crack (above, and-or medially) . Symptoms: 1. Pains in a knee joint. 2. during the majority of days Preceding month or morning constraint at the active Movement less than 30 minutes or age over 37 years or 3.

4. A Haemoglobin Pathology: , , Mutant Haemoglobin

4. A haemoglobin pathology: , , mutant haemoglobin with low affinity to oxygen. Peripheral it is marked At normal saturation of arterial blood by oxygen at the raised oxygen from capillary blood because of krovo-current delay in This or that area of a body. For example: a vascular spasm at cooling, Reduction of warm emission or defeat of peripheral vessels with Arterial insufficiency or spasm. • it is necessary to specify duration ( with Births contact is suspicious on a congenital heart disease), with Medicines or the chemical substances, accompanied by formation Pathological haemoglobin. • to spend the differential diagnosis between Central and peripheral , having examined nail beds of all Fingers, lips, mucous membranes. Peripheral can To disappear at cautious warming of finitenesses. • to check up fingers of brushes of hands and feet on presence Thickenings in sites. The thickening happens congenital, and got, connected with the various pathological Processes. A thickening and are often combined at congenital defects Hearts, and sometimes at defeat of lungs (a lung abscess, pulmonary shunts, but not at , proceeding without complications).

No 2008 Lippincott Williams And Wilkins] Features Of

No 2008 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins] Features of diagnostics of diseases at elderly patients. The approach and tactics of work with Elderly patients essentially differs from necessary actions and Estimations of a condition at more young men. A spectrum of complaints of elderly patients It is distinguished; displays of illnesses, often, less appreciable and more thin; The minimum values of deviations in functions of bodies and systems more Are important; dangerous symptoms are sometimes less dramatic and more slowly appear. Usually and the differential diagnosis of various problems of patients is distinguished. Complaints, the objective data are resulted against essential deviations, Arisen in the past and often have uncertain character, including Intellectual changes of the status, behavioural reactions, incontience of urine, Unstable gait, age loss of weight of weight of a body, etc. At an estimation of pathological changes of joints and Kostno-muscular fabrics in old age it is necessary to consider that these Defeats begin gradually and often proceed initially chronically.

Are Subdivided On Into Two Types Infringements -

are subdivided on into two types Infringements - (brown colouring) and (dark blue, Livid, grey colouring). Brown () are connected with increase of the maintenance of melanin in in Result of strengthening of activity , quantity increases , numbers or their sizes. Livid (, a dark blue skin) are similar with false melanin and Speak melanin presence in , in or macrophages, which as a result of effect give to a skin characteristic grey, caesious or dark blue Colour. Skin hyperpigmentation can To be uniform, spotty or Limited, on separate sites of a skin. congenital It is characterised by hyperpigmentation already at a birth, later, usually, Joins brushes of hands. Such Skin hyperpigmentation is observed at chestnut-coloured children mainly The people of the Mediterranean. brown It is characteristic for insufficiency (illness of Addisona), at To which skin hyperpigmentation is especially expressed in pressure places on It (vertebras, interphalanx, elbow and knee joints), pleated Bodies, on surfaces, a mucous membrane of gums.

The Person Crescent-shaped, A Nose , For The

The person crescent-shaped, a nose , for The account of flat eye hollows, the high sky sometimes split, an atrophy Optic nerves. It is marked II - V fingers, , Radio-ulnarnyj with in elbow joints. I The brush finger is truncated. Similar anomaly of fingers is observed and on Stops. The specified anomalies are quite often combined with the back Pass, defects of vertebras. Patients lag behind in intellectual and physical Development. a syndrome, II (s. Apert (II). It is described Apert E. Congenital anomaly of a thorax, Shown by the funneled hollows symmetrized On either side of a breast. At patients it is listened noise over Pulmonary artery, is absent. , sin. - , - anomaly of development. , (MKB - 786.03) allocate 6 kinds including - a syndrome obstructive a dream (). Patients with have characteristic appearance. As a rule, it is people Hypersthenic constitution. Clinical symptoms it is possible To divide into three groups: Frequent (> 60 %): a loud snore, , Uneasy dream, day drowsiness, irritability.

YES Additional Research ( The Data, , Sa

YES Additional research ( the data, , Sa ++, antigenes, etc.) NO 11. A skin or eyes have yellow colour or urine of dark colour. YES It can be signs VIRAL HEPATITIS YES Signs . Tests on virus, etc. kinds of hepatitises. NO 12. Whether you have a fever, the inflamed throat and strong weariness? YES Think about MONONUCLEOSIS, etc. virus infections YES Crops from a pharynx. Consultation , tests. NO 13. Whether it is marked Swelling, , deterioration from milk or products from wheat? YES Think about LACTOSE INTOLERANCE or WHEAT INTOLERANCE (CELIAC DISEASE) or a syndrome . YES The detailed anamnesis. Special tests, Eliminatsionnaja diet and treatment NO 14. Your chair it is light - yellow colour, grease and floats in water? YES Probably vegetarian diet, insufficiency or is bilious-stone illness. YES Specification of the reasons of change of character of a chair, additional tests. NO 15. There is a surplus of gases with a fetid odour and sudden desires to ? YES Think about GIARDIASIS. Infections of a thick gut and a syndrome YES The analysis on three times.